{"id":24559,"date":"2022-03-21T11:12:37","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/uncategorized-hu\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-1-resz-utmutato-az-antennak-es-a-koaxialis-antennak-csatlakozoihoz-es-kabeleihez\/"},"modified":"2022-03-21T11:35:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:35:41","slug":"a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-1-resz-utmutato-az-antennak-es-a-koaxialis-antennak-csatlakozoihoz-es-kabeleihez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/elektronika-hu\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-1-resz-utmutato-az-antennak-es-a-koaxialis-antennak-csatlakozoihoz-es-kabeleihez\/","title":{"rendered":"A kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 1. r\u00e9sz \u2013 \u00datmutat\u00f3 az antenn\u00e1k \u00e9s a koaxi\u00e1lis antenn\u00e1k csatlakoz\u00f3ihoz \u00e9s k\u00e1beleihez"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k antenn\u00e1val val\u00f3 felszerel\u00e9se t\u00f6bb d\u00f6nt\u00e9st is mag\u00e1ban foglal. Ebben a cikkben, amely egy k\u00e9tr\u00e9szes sorozat 1. r\u00e9sze, a megfelel\u0151 antenna kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sakor legfontosabb jellemz\u0151ket emelj\u00fck ki. Elm\u00e9lyed\u00fcnk az antenn\u00e1kkal kapcsolatos terminol\u00f3gi\u00e1ban \u00e9s m\u0171szaki adatokban, amelyekkel az adatlapok \u00e1ttekint\u00e9sekor tal\u00e1lkozhat. A t\u00e9mak\u00f6r\u00f6k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepel a k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9k frekvenciatartom\u00e1nya, az antennaer\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s a sug\u00e1rz\u00e1si mint\u00e1zat. Az olyan mechanikai t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, mint a behatol\u00e1sv\u00e9delem, a bels\u0151 vagy k\u00fcls\u0151 elhelyez\u00e9s vagy a szerel\u00e9si m\u00f3d szint\u00e9n fontosak.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

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A Distrelec antenn\u00e1k term\u00e9kv\u00e1laszt\u00e9k\u00e1nak megtekint\u00e9se <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

A megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00e9s rugalmas vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz a j\u00f3 antenna elengedhetetlen<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen, hogy mindannyian j\u00e1rtunk m\u00e1r \u00fagy, hogy a k\u00f6rny\u00e9ken s\u00e9t\u00e1lva vagy a mobiltelefonunkat magasra tartva igyekezt\u00fcnk jav\u00edtani a v\u00e9telt, amikor gyenge jeler\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171 ter\u00fcleten tart\u00f3zkodtunk. B\u00e1rmely vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kapcsolat teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye javul, ha nincsenek akad\u00e1lyok az ad\u00f3- \u00e9s vev\u0151egys\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00faton. A f\u00e1k, falak, az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e9s a terepviszonyok elnyelik a r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s jeleket, cs\u00f6kkentve ezzel azt a t\u00e1vols\u00e1got, amelyen kereszt\u00fcl az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k megfelel\u0151 kapcsolatot tudnak l\u00e9trehozni, legyen sz\u00f3 adat- vagy hangkapcsolatr\u00f3l. A vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eszk\u00f6znek a megfelel\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa antenn\u00e1val val\u00f3 felszerel\u00e9se enyh\u00edti a jeler\u0151ss\u00e9get cs\u00f6kkent\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k hat\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az optim\u00e1lis antenna biztos\u00edtja, hogy az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9g a v\u00e9gfokozat\u00e1b\u00f3l a maxim\u00e1lisan gener\u00e1lt r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt sug\u00e1rozza ki a leveg\u0151be; hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen a vev\u0151egys\u00e9g \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9si szakasz\u00e1ban az antenn\u00e1hoz \u00e9rkez\u0151 jelb\u0151l a lehet\u0151 legt\u00f6bbet lehessen feldolgozni. Amint azt a 2. r\u00e9szben felfedezz\u00fck, a csatlakoz\u00f3k\u00e1bel, amelyet technikailag adat\u00e1tviteli vezet\u00e9knek nevez\u00fcnk, \u00e9s a hozz\u00e1 tartoz\u00f3 csatlakoz\u00f3k szint\u00e9n hat\u00e1ssal vannak az antenna teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9re.<\/p>\n\n

Az antenna param\u00e9terei<\/h2>\n\n

Leegyszer\u0171s\u00edtve, egy huzal m\u00e1r antenn\u00e1nak sz\u00e1m\u00edt, \u00e9s van egy kapcsolat a huzal optim\u00e1lis hossza k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egy adott frekvenci\u00e1n val\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lathoz. A hull\u00e1mhossz kifejez\u00e9s a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli jel szomsz\u00e9dos cs\u00facsai k\u00f6z\u00f6tti t\u00e1vols\u00e1got jel\u00f6li. A hull\u00e1mhossz az antenna fizikai hossz\u00e1nak \u00e9s jellemz\u0151inek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l, \u00e9s jelzi a rezonanciapontot. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy 2,4\u00a0GHz frekvenci\u00e1n m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 Wi-Fi jel hull\u00e1mhossza a hull\u00e1mhossz (m) = f\u00e9nysebess\u00e9g\/frekvencia (Hz) k\u00e9plet alapj\u00e1n 12,5\u00a0cm. A f\u00e9nysebess\u00e9g \u00e1lland\u00f3, 299\u00a0792\u00a0458 m\/s, amit gyakran a 3×108<\/sup> \u00e9rt\u00e9kre kerek\u00edt\u00fcnk. Az antenna hossz\u00e1t a m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si hull\u00e1mhossz\u00e1hoz viszony\u00edtva \u00edrj\u00e1k le, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul negyedhull\u00e1m\u00fa, f\u00e9lhull\u00e1m\u00fa vagy teljes hull\u00e1m\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n

A ma haszn\u00e1lt legn\u00e9pszer\u0171bb adat- \u00e9s hangalap\u00fa vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s m\u00f3dszerek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Wi-Fi, a Bluetooth, a mobilkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 (4G \u2013 5G) vagy az ISM-alkalmaz\u00e1sok (ipari, tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9s orvosi) 400\u00a0MHz \u00e9s 3,4\u00a0GHz k\u00f6z\u00f6tti frekvenci\u00e1kat haszn\u00e1lnak. Ezeken a frekvenci\u00e1kon az antenna fizikai hossza egyre r\u00f6videbb\u00e9 v\u00e1lik, ami k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00f3dszereket tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9, bele\u00e9rtve a NY\u00c1K-on t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 gy\u00e1rt\u00e1st is.<\/p>\n\n

Sok antenn\u00e1t, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az aut\u00f3ipari, k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si \u00e9s telemetriai alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz haszn\u00e1lt t\u00edpusokat, t\u00f6bb antenn\u00e1val csomagolnak, hogy megfeleljenek a Wi-Fi, GPS\/GNSS, j\u00e1rm\u0171-j\u00e1rm\u0171\/j\u00e1rm\u0171-infrastrukt\u00fara\/j\u00e1rm\u0171-minden (V2V\/V2I\/V2X) \u00e9s LTE mobilkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 ig\u00e9nyeinek. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Taoglas Optimus MA220<\/a>. L\u00e1sd az 1. \u00e1br\u00e1t. Ez a k\u00fclt\u00e9rre szerelhet\u0151 antenna IP67-es v\u00edz\u00e1ll\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9ssel rendelkezik.<\/p>\n\n

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1. \u00e1bra \u2013 A Taoglas Optimus MA200 \u201epuck\u201d t\u00edpus\u00fa k\u00fcls\u0151 antenna, amelyet sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e9s telemetriai alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz haszn\u00e1lnak (forr\u00e1s: Taoglas)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Antennaer\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s:<\/strong> Egyes antenn\u00e1k kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se a hagyom\u00e1nyos antennamodellekhez k\u00e9pest hat\u00e9konyabb\u00e1 teszi a sug\u00e1rz\u00e1st \u00e9s a v\u00e9telt. Az adatlapon ezt a t\u00e9nyez\u0151t er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9sk\u00e9nt fejezik ki, \u00e9s dBi m\u00e9rt\u00e9kegys\u00e9gben m\u00e9rik (dB izotr\u00f3p). A 2. \u00e1bra p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Taoglas MA220<\/a> teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t szeml\u00e9lteti az LTE mobilkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 eset\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n

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2. \u00e1bra \u2013 A Taoglas MA220 LTE antenna er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9si jellemz\u0151i (forr\u00e1s: Taoglas)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Sug\u00e1rz\u00e1si minta:<\/strong> Egyes antenn\u00e1k ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott k\u00e9pess\u00e9gekkel rendelkeznek, ami azt jelenti, hogy bizonyos ir\u00e1nyokban vagy meghat\u00e1rozott s\u00edkokban hat\u00e9konyabban sug\u00e1roznak \u00e9s fogadnak. Az izotr\u00f3p sug\u00e1rz\u00e1si mint\u00e1zat\u00fa antenna azt jelenti, hogy minden ir\u00e1nyba ugyanannyi energi\u00e1t bocs\u00e1t ki. A k\u00f6rsug\u00e1rz\u00f3 antenna ugyanazt az energiamennyis\u00e9get sug\u00e1rozza egy adott s\u00edkban, v\u00edzszintesen vagy f\u00fcgg\u0151legesen.<\/p>\n\n

Az antenna impedanci\u00e1ja:<\/strong> Az antenna impedanci\u00e1ja a frekvenci\u00e1val v\u00e1ltozik. Rendk\u00edv\u00fcl fontos, hogy az antenna illeszkedjen az ad\u00f3 kimeneti impedanci\u00e1j\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen a vev\u0151 front-endj\u00e9hez. A cikk 2. r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben azt is megtudjuk, hogy a csatlakoz\u00f3k\u00e1bel \u00e9s a csatlakoz\u00f3k impedanci\u00e1ja szint\u00e9n kritikus fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a j\u00f3 illeszt\u00e9s el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Az 50 Ohm impedancia a n\u00e9pszer\u0171 szabv\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n

Az antenna s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9ge:<\/strong> Azt a frekvenciatartom\u00e1nyt, amelyen az antenna hat\u00e9konyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik, s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9gnek nevezz\u00fck. A s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9get \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a k\u00f6z\u00e9pfrekvencia alapj\u00e1n adj\u00e1k meg. A NY\u00c1K-antenn\u00e1ra p\u00e9lda a Molex Wi-Fi PCB<\/a> antenna.<\/p>\n\n

S\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9ge 100\u00a0MHz 2,45\u00a0GHz-es k\u00f6z\u00e9pfrekvenci\u00e1n, impedanci\u00e1ja 50\u00a0Ohm, \u00e9s 3,2\u00a0dBi er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9ssel rendelkezik.<\/p>\n\n

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3. \u00e1bra \u2013 A Molex Wi-Fi PCB antenna (forr\u00e1s: Molex)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

VSWR \u00e9s illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g: <\/strong>Az illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g azt m\u00e9ri, hogy az antenna mennyire illeszkedik az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9ghez \u00e9s annak \u00e1tviteli vonal\u00e1hoz (a koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belhez). Az illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g azt m\u00e9ri, hogy mennyi energia ver\u0151dik vissza az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9gre ahelyett, hogy kisug\u00e1rz\u00e1sra ker\u00fclne. Ennek m\u00e9rt\u00e9kegys\u00e9ge: dB. Min\u00e9l nagyobb ez az \u00e9rt\u00e9k (negat\u00edv sz\u00e1m), ann\u00e1l jobb az antenna teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye. A fesz\u00fclts\u00e9g-\u00e1ll\u00f3hull\u00e1m ar\u00e1ny (VSWR) egy m\u00e1sik m\u00f3dja az illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9nek. Az antenn\u00e1nak \u201310 dB-n\u00e9l jobb illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9ggel kell rendelkeznie (VSWR 2). A 4. \u00e1bra a Taoglas GA110<\/a> mobilh\u00e1l\u00f3zati antenna illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g\u00e9nek jellemz\u0151it mutatja.<\/p>\n\n

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4. \u00e1bra \u2013 A Taoglas mobilh\u00e1l\u00f3zati antenna illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g\u00e9nek jellemz\u0151i a frekvencia f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben (forr\u00e1s: Taoglas)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Az antenna param\u00e9tereinek m\u00e9r\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n

A vektorh\u00e1l\u00f3zati analiz\u00e1tor (VNA) az antenna \u00e9s az \u00e1tviteli vonal impedancia- \u00e9s illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9gjellemz\u0151inek m\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l. A hordozhat\u00f3, olcs\u00f3bb (150 eur\u00f3n\u00e1l kevesebb) vektorh\u00e1l\u00f3zati analiz\u00e1torok megfelel\u0151 m\u00e9r\u00e9si felbont\u00e1st biztos\u00edtanak, de a laborat\u00f3riumi munk\u00e1khoz ide\u00e1lisabbak a professzion\u00e1lisabb, 5000\u00a0eur\u00f3n\u00e1l dr\u00e1g\u00e1bb, asztalra szerelhet\u0151 egys\u00e9gek. A cs\u00facskateg\u00f3ri\u00e1s r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s spektrumanaliz\u00e1torok gyakran tartalmaznak VNA funkci\u00f3t. A VNA az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9g \u00e9s az \u00e1tviteli vonal k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kondenz\u00e1tor- \u00e9s induktivit\u00e1salap\u00fa illeszt\u00e9si h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok helyes tervez\u00e9s\u00e9t is seg\u00edti.<\/p>\n\n

Az antenn\u00e1k adatlapjain szerepl\u0151 param\u00e9terek; t\u00f6bb\u00e9 m\u00e1r nem rejt\u00e9ly<\/h2>\n\n

Ez a r\u00f6vid cikk n\u00e9h\u00e1ny kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3s param\u00e9tert ismertet, amelyekkel val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg tal\u00e1lkozhat az antenn\u00e1k adatlapjainak olvas\u00e1sakor. Ezen inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k birtok\u00e1ban jobb r\u00e1l\u00e1t\u00e1sa lesz az \u00d6n alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz legjobban illeszked\u0151 antenn\u00e1ra, amely optim\u00e1lis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt ny\u00fajt. A 2. r\u00e9szben az antennak\u00e1belek \u00e9s a n\u00e9pszer\u0171 antennacsatlakoz\u00f3k szerep\u00e9t vizsg\u00e1ljuk.<\/p>\n\n

\n
A Distrelec antenn\u00e1k term\u00e9kv\u00e1laszt\u00e9k\u00e1nak megtekint\u00e9se<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k antenn\u00e1val val\u00f3 felszerel\u00e9se t\u00f6bb d\u00f6nt\u00e9st is mag\u00e1ban foglal. Ebben a cikkben, amely egy k\u00e9tr\u00e9szes…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[886,893],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24559","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-elektronika-hu","8":"category-telekommunikacio","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nA kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 1. r\u00e9sz \u2013 \u00datmutat\u00f3 az antenn\u00e1k \u00e9s a koaxi\u00e1lis antenn\u00e1k csatlakoz\u00f3ihoz \u00e9s k\u00e1beleihez - KnowHow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/elektronika-hu\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-1-resz-utmutato-az-antennak-es-a-koaxialis-antennak-csatlakozoihoz-es-kabeleihez\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 1. r\u00e9sz \u2013 \u00datmutat\u00f3 az antenn\u00e1k \u00e9s a koaxi\u00e1lis antenn\u00e1k csatlakoz\u00f3ihoz \u00e9s k\u00e1beleihez - KnowHow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k antenn\u00e1val val\u00f3 felszerel\u00e9se t\u00f6bb d\u00f6nt\u00e9st is mag\u00e1ban foglal. 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