{"id":24595,"date":"2022-03-21T11:12:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/uncategorized-hu\/az-ethernet-kiterjeszti-hatokoret-az-ipari-automatizalasi-erzekelokre-es-mukodtetoelemekre-az-spe-halozati-technologiaja-reven\/"},"modified":"2022-03-21T11:35:44","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:35:44","slug":"az-ethernet-kiterjeszti-hatokoret-az-ipari-automatizalasi-erzekelokre-es-mukodtetoelemekre-az-spe-halozati-technologiaja-reven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/telekommunikacio\/az-ethernet-kiterjeszti-hatokoret-az-ipari-automatizalasi-erzekelokre-es-mukodtetoelemekre-az-spe-halozati-technologiaja-reven\/","title":{"rendered":"Az Ethernet kiterjeszti hat\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00e9t az ipari automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151kre \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151elemekre az SPE h\u00e1l\u00f3zati technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja r\u00e9v\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Az ipari feldolgoz\u00f3ipar az elm\u00falt h\u00fasz \u00e9vben jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokon ment kereszt\u00fcl. A termel\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k egyre ink\u00e1bb \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dnak a vez\u00e9rl\u0151- \u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyelemz\u0151 rendszerekkel. Az ipari h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00f6rnyezet gyakran v\u00e1ltozatos, az Ethernet a v\u00e1llalati informatikai rendszerek gerinch\u00e1l\u00f3zata. A kis sebess\u00e9g\u0171 soros buszm\u00f3dszerek eklektikus kever\u00e9ke alkotja a kapcsolatot az ipari berendez\u00e9seken haszn\u00e1lt oper\u00e1ci\u00f3s technol\u00f3gi\u00e1val (OT). A t\u00f6bb h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokoll kezel\u00e9se kih\u00edv\u00e1st jelent, \u00e9s m\u00e1r nem alkalmas a modern IIoT-rendszerek, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a l\u00e1t\u00e1sk\u00e9palkot\u00f3 rendszerek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a val\u00f3s idej\u0171, nagy s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9g\u0171 alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz. Ez a cikk az egy \u00e9rp\u00e1r\u00fa Ethernet leg\u00fajabb fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9t ismerteti, \u00e9s azt, hogy az Ethernet protokoll hogyan k\u00e9pes \u00f6sszekapcsolni a v\u00e1llalati informatikai rendszereket eg\u00e9szen az OT-peremekig.<\/p>\n\n

A csatlakoztatott g\u00e9pek felemelked\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n

Az olyan ipari \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1si kezdem\u00e9nyez\u00e9sek, mint az Ipar 4.0, sz\u00e1mos gy\u00e1r \u00e9s gy\u00e1rt\u00e1si m\u0171velet fel\u00e9l\u00e9nk\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151sek. A folyamatok vagy l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyek \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t illet\u0151en az adatgy\u0171jt\u00e9s kiemelked\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa. Az id\u0151z\u00edt\u00e9s gyakran d\u00f6nt\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa az \u00e9letben, \u00e9s ez minden bizonnyal \u00edgy volt akkor is, amikor az Ipar 4.0 tal\u00e1lkozott a Dolgok internete (IoT) koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1val. A Dolgok internete, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az Ipari dolgok internete (IIoT), pontosan az volt, amire sz\u00fcks\u00e9g volt a motorok, \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k, m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151k \u00e9s az automatiz\u00e1lt folyamatokban haszn\u00e1lt sz\u00e1mtalan egy\u00e9b vez\u00e9rl\u0151berendez\u00e9s \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n\n

A vez\u00e9rl\u0151rendszerek \u00e9s alkatr\u00e9szek \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1sa azonban nem \u00faj koncepci\u00f3. Az ipari folyamatvez\u00e9rl\u0151k t\u00f6bb mint negyven \u00e9ve soros h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokollokat haszn\u00e1lnak, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Profibus, az RS232\/422 vagy a Modbus. A v\u00e1llalati informatikai rendszerek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00f6sszek\u00f6ttet\u00e9s a dedik\u00e1lt \u00e1tj\u00e1r\u00f3k \u00e9s kiszolg\u00e1l\u00f3k \u00f6sszetett feladat\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n\n

Az Ethernet \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge<\/h2>\n\n

A sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1stechnika vil\u00e1ga sokat v\u00e1ltozott a 80-as \u00e9vek \u00f3ta. Kezdetben az egyes sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1sa bonyolult volt, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos saj\u00e1t h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokoll versengett a dominanci\u00e1\u00e9rt. Az Ethernet volt az egyik ilyen protokoll, amely az IEEE 802.3 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati szabv\u00e1ny minden\u00fctt elterjedt \u00e9s sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elfogadott szabv\u00e1ny\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n\n

Az 1. \u00e1bra szeml\u00e9lteti, hogy az Ethernet hogyan fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt a s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9g tekintet\u00e9ben a 802.3 szabv\u00e1ny j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00e1sa \u00f3ta.<\/p>\n\n

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1. \u00e1bra \u2013 Az Ethernet sebess\u00e9g\u00e9nek alakul\u00e1sa \u2013 (forr\u00e1s: Ethernet Alliance)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ahogy az Ethernet fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt, valamint rugalmass\u00e1ga \u00e9s k\u00e9nyelme elismertt\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, term\u00e9szetes jel\u00f6ltje lett a hagyom\u00e1nyos piacokon k\u00edv\u00fcli alkalmaz\u00e1soknak. Az Ethernet hamar m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pes szabv\u00e1ny lett az aut\u00f3ipari j\u00e1rm\u0171h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok \u00e9s az \u00e9p\u00fcletautomatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si alkalmaz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az Ethernet ipari adapt\u00e1ci\u00f3i, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a val\u00f3s idej\u0171, determinisztikus id\u0151\u00e9rz\u00e9keny h\u00e1l\u00f3zat (TSN), valamint a t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le hagyom\u00e1nyos protokoll \u00e1tvitel\u00e9re val\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g bizony\u00edtja, hogy az Ethernet az automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1s minden t\u00edpus\u00e1ban alkalmazhat\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Ipari h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyek<\/h2>\n\n

Az ipari k\u00f6rnyezet a legt\u00f6bb irod\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s adatk\u00f6zpontt\u00f3l elt\u00e9r. Az Ethernet RJ45 n\u00e9gy \u00e9rp\u00e1r\u00fa, csavart \u00e9rp\u00e1r\u00fa csatlakoz\u00f3ja, amelyet otthonainkban \u00e9s irod\u00e1inkban haszn\u00e1lunk, nem alkalmas ipari felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra. A termel\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket \u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151ket a vez\u00e9rl\u0151rendszerekkel \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u0151 h\u00e1l\u00f3zati k\u00e1belek \u00e9s csatlakoz\u00f3k zord m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si k\u00f6rnyezetnek \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges mechanikai korl\u00e1toknak vannak kit\u00e9ve. A k\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a rezg\u00e9s, a p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a behatol\u00e1s elleni v\u00e9delem sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9ge. A kev\u00e9s szabad hellyel rendelkez\u0151 ipari vez\u00e9rl\u0151szekr\u00e9nyekben a berendez\u00e9sek s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge nagy, a k\u00e1beleknek nagyon rugalmasnak kell lenni\u00fck \u00e9s kis hajl\u00edt\u00e1si sug\u00e1rral kell rendelkezni\u00fck. Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen, a k\u00e1belek f\u00e9mcs\u00f6vekben t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 v\u00e9delme korl\u00e1tozza az alkalmazhat\u00f3 k\u00e1belm\u00e9reteket.<\/p>\n\n

Az intelligens edge alap\u00fa IIoT-eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9nek gyors n\u00f6veked\u00e9se a vezet\u00e9kes csatlakoz\u00e1s mellett \u00e1ramforr\u00e1st is ig\u00e9nyel. Az Ethernet lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a PoE (Power over Ethernet) funkci\u00f3t, de a hagyom\u00e1nyos nyolcvezet\u00e9kes Ethernet-k\u00e1bel vastags\u00e1ga, s\u00falya \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9gei miatt nem lehet haszn\u00e1lni.<\/p>\n\n

Egy\u00e9rp\u00e1ras Ethernet; t\u00f6k\u00e9letes v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s ipari alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz<\/h2>\n\n

A gigabites, egy\u00e9rp\u00e1ras Ethernet (SPE) szabv\u00e1nyt, az IEEE 802.3bp 1000BASE-T1 szabv\u00e1nyt 2019-ben hozt\u00e1k l\u00e9tre. Ahogy a neve is mutatja, egyetlen sodrott vezet\u00e9kp\u00e1rt tartalmaz, \u00e9s \u00e1rny\u00e9kolatlan k\u00e1bel eset\u00e9n 15\u00a0m\u00e9teres, \u00e1rny\u00e9kolt k\u00e1bel eset\u00e9n pedig 40\u00a0m\u00e9teres maxim\u00e1lis kapcsol\u00e1si t\u00e1vols\u00e1got biztos\u00edt. A hagyom\u00e1nyos n\u00e9gyp\u00e1ros Ethernet Cat 6 k\u00e1belhez k\u00e9pest, amely AWG 23-as vezet\u00e9keket haszn\u00e1l, az SPE k\u00e1bel 60%-kal k\u00f6nnyebb \u00e9s az \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je is jelent\u0151sen kisebb. Amint kiemelt\u00fck, az RJ45 csatlakoz\u00f3 nem alkalmas ipari felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra, ami tov\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1latokat tesz sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9 egy olyan csatlakoz\u00f3form\u00e1tummal kapcsolatban, amelyet az ipar elfogadhat. 2020 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban jelentett\u00e9k be az IEC 63171 csatlakoz\u00f3szabv\u00e1nyt az SPE sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n

Az IEEE 802.3bu szabv\u00e1ny a PoDL (Power over Data Line) elnevez\u00e9s\u0171 energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1si szabv\u00e1nyt hat\u00e1rozza meg. A kilenc \u00e1ram- \u00e9s fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gkombin\u00e1ci\u00f3s oszt\u00e1ly lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy a v\u00e9geszk\u00f6zh\u00f6z legfeljebb 50\u00a0wattot juttassanak. A PoDL szabv\u00e1ny nemr\u00e9giben \u00e1tdolgozott v\u00e1ltozata, a 802.3cg hat oszt\u00e1llyal b\u0151v\u00fclt, l\u00e1sd a 2. \u00e1br\u00e1t, amely a fogyaszt\u00f3ra leadott maxim\u00e1lis 52\u00a0wattot \u00edr el\u0151. A szabv\u00e1ny kiemeli tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a vezet\u00e9k\u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151 kism\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s meghat\u00e1rozza a vezet\u00e9k maxim\u00e1lis ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t a legnagyobb teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nylead\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
2. \u00e1bra \u2013 Az IEEE 802.3cg 10\u201315. t\u00e1pell\u00e1t\u00e1si oszt\u00e1lyai (forr\u00e1s: Ethernet Alliance)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Az IEC 63171-1 \u2013 63171-6 szabv\u00e1nyok k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 SPE-csatlakoz\u00f3form\u00e1tumokat hat\u00e1roznak meg \u2013 l\u00e1sd a 3. \u00e1br\u00e1t. Ezek az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 \u00e9s az adatvezet\u00e9ken kereszt\u00fcli t\u00e1pell\u00e1t\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9geket, a behatol\u00e1s elleni v\u00e9delmet, valamint az \u00e1rny\u00e9kolt vagy \u00e1rny\u00e9kolatlan k\u00e1belt\u00edpusok haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t. A sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elterjedt ipari k\u00f6r alak\u00fa M8 \u00e9s M12 t\u00edpus\u00fa csatlakoz\u00f3k a robusztus IP65\/67 term\u00e9kcsal\u00e1d r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezik.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
3. \u00e1bra \u2013 Az IEC 63171 szabv\u00e1nynak megfelel\u0151 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 egyp\u00e1ras Ethernet csatlakoz\u00f3form\u00e1tumok kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa (forr\u00e1s: Harting & Single Pair Ethernet Industrial Partner Network)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Egy\u00e9rp\u00e1ras Ethernet; robusztus h\u00e1l\u00f3zati csatlakoz\u00e1st biztos\u00edt az adatk\u00f6zpontb\u00f3l az ipari v\u00e9gpontokig<\/h2>\n\n

A sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elismert Ethernet protokoll rugalmas, megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00e9s v\u00e1llalati szint\u0171 h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot biztos\u00edt. Az IEEE 802.3bp egy\u00e9rp\u00e1ras Ethernet \u00e9s az IEC 63171 SPE csatlakoz\u00f3szabv\u00e1ny megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9vel mostant\u00f3l ugyanezek a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1smin\u0151s\u00e9gi \u00e9s energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1si szintek a v\u00e9gpontok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra is el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak. Egyetlen h\u00e1l\u00f3zati protokoll haszn\u00e1lata jelent\u0151sen leegyszer\u0171s\u00edti a h\u00e1l\u00f3zati infrastrukt\u00fara bonyolults\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9geit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Az ipari feldolgoz\u00f3ipar az elm\u00falt h\u00fasz \u00e9vben jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokon ment kereszt\u00fcl. A termel\u00e9si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k egyre ink\u00e1bb \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dnak a…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[957,893],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24595","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-automation","8":"category-telekommunikacio","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nAz Ethernet kiterjeszti hat\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00e9t az ipari automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151kre \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151elemekre az SPE h\u00e1l\u00f3zati technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja r\u00e9v\u00e9n - KnowHow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/telekommunikacio\/az-ethernet-kiterjeszti-hatokoret-az-ipari-automatizalasi-erzekelokre-es-mukodtetoelemekre-az-spe-halozati-technologiaja-reven\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az Ethernet kiterjeszti hat\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00e9t az ipari automatiz\u00e1l\u00e1si \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151kre \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6dtet\u0151elemekre az SPE h\u00e1l\u00f3zati technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja r\u00e9v\u00e9n - KnowHow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Az ipari feldolgoz\u00f3ipar az elm\u00falt h\u00fasz \u00e9vben jelent\u0151s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokon ment kereszt\u00fcl. 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