{"id":24660,"date":"2022-03-21T11:13:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/uncategorized-hu\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-2-resz-antennacsatlakozok-es-kabelek-kivalasztasa\/"},"modified":"2022-03-21T11:35:43","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:35:43","slug":"a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-2-resz-antennacsatlakozok-es-kabelek-kivalasztasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/telekommunikacio\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-2-resz-antennacsatlakozok-es-kabelek-kivalasztasa\/","title":{"rendered":"A kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 2. r\u00e9sz \u2013 Antennacsatlakoz\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00e1belek kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A sorozat 1. r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben<\/a> az antenna fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1ltuk a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00e9s rugalmas adat- vagy hangkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapcsolat biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban. Jelen befejez\u0151 r\u00e9szben azt vizsg\u00e1ljuk, hogy a megfelel\u0151 k\u00e1bel \u00e9s csatlakoz\u00f3 kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa szint\u00e9n d\u00f6nt\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n

Amint azt az 1. r\u00e9szb\u0151l<\/a> megtudtuk, egy vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli ad\u00f3egys\u00e9g teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye az \u00f6sszes alkatr\u00e9sz f\u00fcggv\u00e9nye, az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9g teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyer\u0151s\u00edt\u0151 fokozat\u00e1nak kimenet\u00e9t\u0151l az antenn\u00e1ig, bele\u00e9rtve az \u00e1tviteli vezet\u00e9ket \u00e9s a haszn\u00e1lt csatlakoz\u00f3kat. Ez a megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s ugyanilyen fontos a v\u00e9teli jel\u00fatvonal eset\u00e9ben is, ahol alacsony \u00b5V jelekr\u0151l van sz\u00f3. A legt\u00f6bb kis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s alkalmaz\u00e1s, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE eset\u00e9ben az \u00e1tviteli vezet\u00e9k egyszer\u0171, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban csak egy hossz\u00fa koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel.<\/p>\n\n

A koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel m\u0171szaki adatai<\/h2>\n\n

Egy tipikus koaxi\u00e1lis (r\u00f6vid\u00edtve: koax) k\u00e1bel egy bels\u0151, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban r\u00e9z k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 vezet\u0151t tartalmaz, amelyet egy dielektromos m\u0171anyag mag vesz k\u00f6r\u00fcl, amit pedig egy vagy t\u00f6bb vezet\u0151 r\u00e9teg, majd egy v\u00e9gs\u0151 k\u00fcls\u0151 k\u00f6peny bor\u00edt. A k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 vezet\u0151 lehet egyetlen t\u00f6m\u00f6r mag, vagy jellemz\u0151en t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1lb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3. A k\u00fcls\u0151 vezet\u0151 jellemz\u0151en egy \u00f3nozott r\u00e9zfonatb\u00f3l \u00e9s n\u00e9ha egy kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 r\u00e9zf\u00f3li\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e1ll, amely tov\u00e1bbi \u00e1rny\u00e9kol\u00e1st biztos\u00edt. A k\u00fcls\u0151 k\u00f6peny egy k\u00fcls\u0151 v\u00e9d\u0151r\u00e9teget biztos\u00edt a nedvess\u00e9g \u00e9s a szennyez\u0151d\u00e9s bejut\u00e1s\u00e1nak megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, \u00e9s fizikailag v\u00e9di a k\u00e1belt.<\/p>\n\n

A koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel teljes \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je jelent\u0151s m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben befoly\u00e1solja a m\u00e9terenk\u00e9nti s\u00falyt \u00e9s a minim\u00e1lis hajl\u00edt\u00e1si sugarat. Az alkalmazott be\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si m\u00f3dot \u00e9s a megfelel\u0151 alkalmaz\u00e1sok t\u00edpusait azonban az elektromos t\u00e9nyez\u0151k hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg.<\/p>\n\n

A koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel legfontosabb param\u00e9terei<\/h2>\n\n

Jellemz\u0151 impedancia:<\/strong> Az impedancia l\u00e9nyeges kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1si krit\u00e9rium. A legnagyobb jel\u00e1tviteli hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g el\u00e9r\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az egyik v\u00e9g\u00e9n az antenn\u00e1nak, a m\u00e1sik v\u00e9g\u00e9n pedig az ad\u00f3egys\u00e9gnek vagy a vev\u0151egys\u00e9gnek kell megfelelnie. A legt\u00f6bb koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel 50 Ohm vagy 75 Ohm impedanci\u00e1val rendelkezik. A professzion\u00e1lis alkalmaz\u00e1sok impedanci\u00e1ja jellemz\u0151en 50 Ohm. A koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel impedanci\u00e1ja \u00f6sszetett, ez\u00e9rt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lehet a k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 \u00e9s a k\u00fcls\u0151 vezet\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti dielektromos kapacit\u00e1s vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n

Vesztes\u00e9g vagy csillap\u00edt\u00e1s:<\/strong> Ugyanilyen fontos kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1si krit\u00e9rium a k\u00e1bel vesztes\u00e9g- vagy csillap\u00edt\u00e1si jellemz\u0151i. A csillap\u00edt\u00e1si jellemz\u0151k, amelyeket \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban 100 m\u00e9terenk\u00e9nt \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 frekvenci\u00e1kon dB-ben adnak meg, azt mutatj\u00e1k, hogy az ad\u00f3teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny vagy a fogadott jel mekkora r\u00e9sze veszik el a k\u00e1bel hossza ment\u00e9n. A k\u00e1bel ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1si \u00e9s dielektromos tulajdons\u00e1gai jelent\u0151sen befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a csillap\u00edt\u00e1si tulajdons\u00e1gokat.<\/p>\n\n

Teherb\u00edr\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g:<\/strong> A k\u00e1bel maxim\u00e1lis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye t\u00f6bb t\u00e9nyez\u0151t\u0151l f\u00fcgg, bele\u00e9rtve a dielektrikum \u00e1ltal elviselhet\u0151 \u00fczemi cs\u00facsfesz\u00fclts\u00e9geket, az ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1si vesztes\u00e9geket, amelyek h\u0151 form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkezhetnek, \u00e9s hat\u00e1ssal lehetnek a maxim\u00e1lis \u00fczemi h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletre, valamint az antenna illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9g\u00e9t (VSWR).<\/p>\n\n

Terjed\u00e9si sebess\u00e9g:<\/strong> Szabad t\u00e9rben az elektrom\u00e1gneses hull\u00e1mok f\u00e9nysebess\u00e9ggel terjednek, azonban a koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belben a kapacit\u00edv \u00e9s indukt\u00edv tulajdons\u00e1gok, a b\u0151rhat\u00e1s \u00e9s a dielektromos vesztes\u00e9gek cs\u00f6kkentik a jelek terjed\u00e9si sebess\u00e9g\u00e9t. A sebess\u00e9g befoly\u00e1solja az \u00e1tvitt \u00e9s a fogadott jelek f\u00e1zisait, ami t\u00f6bb antenna eset\u00e9n kritikus lehet.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1k a r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belre<\/h2>\n\n

Az \u00e9vek sor\u00e1n sz\u00e1mos r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s koaxi\u00e1lis szabv\u00e1ny alakult ki, a legelterjedtebb az RG rendszer. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az RG58, az RG59 vagy az RG174.<\/p>\n\n

RG58<\/strong> \u2013 a Bedea<\/a> 50 Ohm-os koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel\u00e9nek (l\u00e1sd:1. \u00e1bra) k\u00fcls\u0151 \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je 5\u00a0mm, \u00e1rny\u00e9kol\u00e1sa r\u00e9zfonatb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, a sebess\u00e9gt\u00e9nyez\u0151je pedig 0,66. A csillap\u00edt\u00e1s 100 m \u00e9s 100 MHz eset\u00e9n 15,2 dB, ami 500 MHz eset\u00e9n 34,4 dB\/100 m \u00e9rt\u00e9kre emelkedik. Mechanikai szempontb\u00f3l a minim\u00e1lis hajl\u00edt\u00e1si sug\u00e1r 25 mm, a s\u00falya pedig 36 kg\/km.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
1. \u00e1bra \u2013 a Bedea RG58 t\u00edpus\u00fa 50 Ohm-os koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel\u00e9t 100 m-es tekercsekben sz\u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k (forr\u00e1s: Bedea)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

RG59<\/strong> \u2013 a Tasker<\/a> RG59 Flex<\/a> t\u00edpus a 75 Ohm impedanci\u00e1j\u00fa koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belre p\u00e9lda. A k\u00e1bel 6,1 mm k\u00fcls\u0151 \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 \u00e9s 2000 V maxim\u00e1lis fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gt\u0171r\u00e9ssel rendelkezik. 200 MHz eset\u00e9n 15,7 dB\/100 m, 800 MHz eset\u00e9n 33,6\u00a0dB\/100 m a csillap\u00edt\u00e1si jellemz\u0151je.<\/p>\n\n

RG174<\/strong> (LMR-100A) \u2013 a Bedea<\/a> RG174 koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel<\/a> \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151je 2,8 mm, impedanci\u00e1ja 50\u00a0Ohm, \u00e9s maxim\u00e1lisan 1100 V fesz\u00fclts\u00e9get b\u00edr el. A csillap\u00edt\u00e1s 200 MHz eset\u00e9n 41,5 dB\/100\u00a0m, 500\u00a0MHz eset\u00e9n pedig 68 dB\/100\u00a0m.<\/p>\n\n

RF-csatlakoz\u00f3k<\/h2>\n\n

A r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s csatlakoz\u00f3k nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l k\u00e9t kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ba sorolhat\u00f3k. Vannak olyanok, amelyeket k\u00edv\u00fclr\u0151l is fel lehet szerelni a berendez\u00e9sekre, \u00e9s vannak olyanok, amelyek a burkolaton bel\u00fcl haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Az \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00e1shoz haszn\u00e1lt csatlakoz\u00f3k t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban vastagabb koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belek befogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra alkalmas, bizonyos fok\u00fa tehermentes\u00edt\u00e9st biztos\u00edt, \u00e9s jellemz\u0151en a dugaszok \u00e9s aljzatok egym\u00e1shoz val\u00f3 r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9. Ilyen csatlakoz\u00f3k p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul: N-t\u00edpus, TNC<\/a>, BNC<\/a>, UHF(PL259)<\/a>, SMA \u00e9s RPSMA <\/a>(ford\u00edtott polarit\u00e1s\u00fa SMA).<\/p>\n\n

A r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s csatlakoz\u00f3k antenn\u00e1k bels\u0151 csatlakoztat\u00e1s\u00e1ra is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli modulr\u00f3l egy bels\u0151leg r\u00f6gz\u00edtett antenn\u00e1ra. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Hirose u.Fl sorozata vagy az IPEX MHF sorozata. Mindk\u00e9t sorozat bizonyos fok\u00fa keresztkompatibilit\u00e1ssal rendelkezik.<\/p>\n\n

Mint a legt\u00f6bb csatlakoz\u00f3t, ezeket is nemenk\u00e9nt hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg, \u00e9s jellemz\u0151en korl\u00e1tozott sz\u00e1m\u00fa koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1belt\u00edpushoz illeszkednek. A legt\u00f6bb itt azonos\u00edtott csatlakoz\u00f3 maxim\u00e1lis m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9si frekvenci\u00e1ja t\u00f6bb t\u00edz GHz. A csatlakoz\u00f3k kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sakor ellen\u0151rizze az illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9ggel kapcsolatos jellemz\u0151ket \u00e9s a teherb\u00edr\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9get is.<\/p>\n\n

A 2. \u00e1bra az RND \u00e1ltal gy\u00e1rtott krimpelt SMA dugaszt<\/a> (apa) szeml\u00e9lteti. A csatlakoz\u00f3 50 Ohm impedanci\u00e1val rendelkezik, \u00e9s jellemz\u0151en 20 GHz-ig k\u00e9pes m\u0171k\u00f6dni. Az eszk\u00f6z 7,9 mm \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 s\u00e1rgar\u00e9z h\u00e1zzal, teflon szigetel\u0151vel \u00e9s aranyozott k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 csapszeggel rendelkezik. A t\u00e1mogatott k\u00e1belt\u00edpus az RG-174. Ford\u00edtott nem\u0171 sorozat (RPSMA) is rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1ll.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
2. \u00e1bra \u2013 SMA dugasz (forr\u00e1s: RND)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A 3. \u00e1br\u00e1n egy Rosenberger N-t\u00edpus\u00fa dugasz<\/a> l\u00e1that\u00f3. A 11\u00a0GHz-ig m\u00e9retezett, 1\u00a0GHz-en ak\u00e1r 1000\u00a0W r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt is k\u00e9pes kezelni, 2,5\u00a0GHz-ig pedig 32\u00a0dB-n\u00e9l jobb illeszt\u00e9si vesztes\u00e9ggel rendelkezik.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
3. \u00e1bra \u2013 N-t\u00edpus\u00fa dugasz (forr\u00e1s: Rosenberger)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Az u.FL csatlakoz\u00f3t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban gy\u00e1rilag az antenn\u00e1k koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1beleire szerelik fel. M\u00e9rete 2 mm, \u00e9s nem rendelkezik fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gmentes\u00edt\u00e9ssel vagy reteszel\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9ggel. Az u.FL aljzatokat \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a NY\u00c1K-ok fel\u00fclet\u00e9re szerelik. A 4. \u00e1br\u00e1n a W\u00fcrth Elektronik<\/a> u.FL \u2013 u.FL csatlakoz\u00f3k\u00e1bele l\u00e1that\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
4. \u00e1bra \u2013 Egy u.FL \u2013 u.Fl csatlakoz\u00f3k\u00e1bel dugaszokkal (Rosenberger)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A r\u00e1di\u00f3frekvenci\u00e1s alkalmaz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra megfelel\u0151 antenna, koaxi\u00e1lis k\u00e1bel \u00e9s csatlakoz\u00f3k kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa biztos\u00edtja, hogy a vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 kapcsolatot tudjanak l\u00e9trehozni. Ebben a r\u00f6vid, k\u00e9tr\u00e9szes sorozatban kiemelj\u00fck azokat a legfontosabb adatlapi param\u00e9tereket, amelyeket a kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1si folyamat sor\u00e1n \u00e1t kell n\u00e9znie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A sorozat 1. r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben az antenna fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1ltuk a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00e9s rugalmas adat- vagy hangkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapcsolat biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban. Jelen…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[886,893],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24660","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-elektronika-hu","8":"category-telekommunikacio","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nA kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 2. r\u00e9sz \u2013 Antennacsatlakoz\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00e1belek kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa - KnowHow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/telekommunikacio\/a-kapcsolat-letrehozasa-2-resz-antennacsatlakozok-es-kabelek-kivalasztasa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A kapcsolat l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa: 2. r\u00e9sz \u2013 Antennacsatlakoz\u00f3k \u00e9s k\u00e1belek kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa - KnowHow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A sorozat 1. r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben az antenna fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1ltuk a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3 \u00e9s rugalmas adat- vagy hangkommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s kapcsolat biztos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban. 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