{"id":56701,"date":"2023-08-01T07:57:07","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T06:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/uncategorized-hu\/az-alternativ-energia-kiaknazasa-europaban-es-a-kontinensen-tul\/"},"modified":"2023-08-01T07:57:41","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T06:57:41","slug":"az-alternativ-energia-kiaknazasa-europaban-es-a-kontinensen-tul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/energia-es-teljesitmeny\/az-alternativ-energia-kiaknazasa-europaban-es-a-kontinensen-tul\/","title":{"rendered":"Az alternat\u00edv energia kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1sa Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9s a kontinensen t\u00fal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ahogy az olajhoz \u00e9s g\u00e1zhoz hasonl\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos energiak\u00e9szletek egyre ink\u00e1bb apadoznak, a vil\u00e1g korm\u00e1nyai pedig egyre ink\u00e1bb r\u00e1\u00e9brednek a hagyom\u00e1nyos t\u00fczel\u0151anyag-forr\u00e1sok k\u00f6rnyezetrombol\u00f3 hat\u00e1saira, \u00fagy v\u00e1lnak fontosabb\u00e1 az alternat\u00edv energiahordoz\u00f3k. Miut\u00e1n k\u00f6nnyebben hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak a k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok \u00e9s az atomenergi\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3, alacsony sz\u00e9ndioxid-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00fa energiatermel\u00e9st lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9v\u0151 alternat\u00edv energiahordoz\u00f3k, a vil\u00e1g egyre ink\u00e1bb a nett\u00f3 z\u00e9r\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s fel\u00e9 veszi az ir\u00e1nyt. A glob\u00e1lis energetikai \u00e1tmenet alapfelt\u00e9tele a sz\u00e9ndioxid-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9nek, valamint egy tiszta \u00e9s \u00e9letk\u00e9pes energiaforr\u00e1s l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak. A meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok hat\u00e9kony kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1hoz azonban rendelkez\u00e9sre kell \u00e1llnia a megfelel\u0151 infrastrukt\u00far\u00e1nak \u00e9s kapacit\u00e1snak.<\/p>\n\n

A t\u00fczel\u0151anyagok a glob\u00e1lis \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s legjelent\u0151sebb kataliz\u00e1torai: bel\u0151l\u00fck sz\u00e1rmazik a F\u00f6ld teljes \u00fcvegh\u00e1zhat\u00e1s\u00fag\u00e1z-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00f6bb mint 75\u00a0sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka \u00e9s a teljes sz\u00e9ndioxid-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s k\u00f6zel 90\u00a0sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka, \u00edgy a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energia jelenti a gyorsan tereb\u00e9lyesed\u0151 probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1nak kulcs\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n

Ez\u00e9rt a Distrelec<\/a> felm\u00e9rte a vil\u00e1g energetikai helyzet\u00e9nek aktu\u00e1lis \u00e1llapot\u00e1t, felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pezve azokat az orsz\u00e1gokat, amelyek (majdnem) teljes eg\u00e9sz\u00e9ben alternat\u00edv energiaforr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l fedezik villamosenergia-sz\u00fcks\u00e9glet\u00fcket, azokat az orsz\u00e1gokat, amelyek milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1ban m\u00e9rve a legnagyobb energiatermel\u0151k, \u00e9s azokat az orsz\u00e1gokat, amelyek termel\u00e9si egys\u00e9gekben sz\u00e1molva a legnagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben n\u00f6velt\u00e9k sz\u00e9lenergia-termel\u00e9s\u00fcket. Felm\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fcnk eredm\u00e9nyei bepillant\u00e1st engednek az alternat\u00edv energiaforr\u00e1sok vil\u00e1g- \u00e9s Eur\u00f3pa-szint\u0171 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1nak aktu\u00e1lis helyzet\u00e9be. Fontosnak tartjuk megjegyezni, hogy elemz\u00e9s\u00fcnket a hagyom\u00e1nyos meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiahordoz\u00f3kra \u00e9s az atomenergi\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3 karbonszeg\u00e9ny alternat\u00edv\u00e1kra alapoztuk. Az atomenergia v\u00e9ges jelleg\u00e9b\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3an nem tekinthet\u0151 meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1snak, ugyanakkor k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi megfontol\u00e1sokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1mos eur\u00f3pai \u00e9s nemzetk\u00f6zi r\u00e9gi\u00f3 karolta fel ezt az er\u0151forr\u00e1st, mint a karbonszeg\u00e9n energiatermel\u00e9s egyik form\u00e1j\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n

Az alternat\u00edv energia a j\u00f6v\u0151 \u00fatja? \u2013 Termel\u00e9s \u00e9s fogyaszt\u00e1s ar\u00e1nya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A 2020-as adatokb\u00f3l az der\u00fcl ki, hogy t\u00f6bb orsz\u00e1g is teljesen vagy szinte teljesen alternat\u00edv forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l fedezte energiasz\u00fcks\u00e9gleteit, s\u0151t, olyan orsz\u00e1g is van, amely m\u00e9g t\u00f6bbletenergi\u00e1t is termelt. Ezeket az orsz\u00e1gokat szeml\u00e9lteti az al\u00e1bbi grafikon; n\u00e9h\u00e1nyan k\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fck jelent\u0151s fejl\u0151d\u00e9sen mentek kereszt\u00fcl 2010 \u00f3ta, pedig m\u00e1r akkor is t\u00falsz\u00e1rnyaltak m\u00e1s, felm\u00e9r\u00e9sben szerepl\u0151 orsz\u00e1gokat.<\/p>\n

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A termel\u00e9s fogyaszt\u00e1shoz viszony\u00edtott ar\u00e1ny\u00e1t bemutat\u00f3 adatok alapj\u00e1n \u2013 v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sainknak megfelel\u0151en \u2013 t\u00f6bb \u00e9szaki orsz\u00e1g is t\u00f6bbet termel saj\u00e1t sz\u00fcks\u00e9gletein\u00e9l. Els\u0151 helyen Norv\u00e9gia<\/strong> \u00e1ll, ahol a termel\u00e9s fogyaszt\u00e1shoz viszony\u00edtott ar\u00e1nya 121,76%. A 2020-as adatok alapj\u00e1n ez az ar\u00e1ny Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1gban<\/strong> 119,89%, Izlandon<\/strong> 100,88%, m\u00edg m\u00e1s \u00e9szaki r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Finnorsz\u00e1gban<\/strong> 57,99%, D\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/strong> pedig 49,51%, vagyis majdnem 50%. Az \u00e9lenj\u00e1r\u00f3 \u00e9szaki r\u00e9gi\u00f3khoz k\u00e9pest ez az ar\u00e1nysz\u00e1m szinte a fele. Norv\u00e9gia, Sv\u00e9dorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s Izland er\u0151sen t\u00e1maszkodik a v\u00edzenergi\u00e1ra, D\u00e1ni\u00e1ban a sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171vek termelik a legt\u00f6bb energi\u00e1t, Finnorsz\u00e1gban pedig atomer\u0151m\u0171vek \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151 a villamos energia z\u00f6m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n

A harmadik helyet Franciaorsz\u00e1g<\/strong> szerezte meg, amely a 2020-ban fogyasztott energiamennnyis\u00e9g\u00e9nek 117,20% termelte meg, f\u0151k\u00e9nt atomenergia r\u00e9v\u00e9n, a t\u00f6bbit pedig t\u00f6bb k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul sz\u00e9l, v\u00edz, nap \u00e9s geotermikus energiaforr\u00e1sok \u2013 fedezte. Az els\u0151 5 helyezett k\u00f6z\u00f6tt v\u00e9gzett Sv\u00e1jc<\/strong> is, amely 2020-ban az orsz\u00e1g energiafogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak 112,92%-\u00e1t termelte meg alternat\u00edv er\u0151forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l, ennek 59,61%-a v\u00edzenergi\u00e1b\u00f3l, 36,19%-a atomenergi\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik.<\/p>\n\n

Az els\u0151 10 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, a hatodik helyen v\u00e9gzett a kor\u00e1bban eml\u00edtett orsz\u00e1gokhoz k\u00e9pest jelent\u0151sen magasabb, 532,71\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1t fogyaszt\u00f3 Kanada<\/strong> is, mik\u00f6zben 516,03\u00a0milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh-t termelt, \u00edgy a termel\u00e9s fogyaszt\u00e1shoz viszony\u00edtott ar\u00e1nya 96,87%. Az alternat\u00edv energia z\u00f6m\u00e9t, 74,22%-\u00e1t v\u00edzer\u0151m\u0171vek \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151, a m\u00e1sodik legjelent\u0151sebb energiaforr\u00e1s pedig az atomenergia.<\/p>\n\n

Sokkal alacsonyabb helyen v\u00e9gzett az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok<\/strong>, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg az orsz\u00e1g m\u00e9ret\u00e9b\u0151l ad\u00f3d\u00f3 rendk\u00edv\u00fcl magas fogyaszt\u00e1s miatt. 2020-ban ugyanis 3897,89\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra volt az orsz\u00e1g fogyaszt\u00e1sa, enn\u00e9l csak K\u00edna sz\u00e1m\u00edt jelent\u0151sebb fogyaszt\u00f3nak a maga 6801,39\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1j\u00e1val. Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok energiafogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak 40,01%-\u00e1t \u00e1ll\u00edtotta el\u0151 karbonszeg\u00e9ny er\u0151forr\u00e1sok, els\u0151sorban atomenergia r\u00e9v\u00e9n, amelyet a sz\u00e9l- \u00e9s a v\u00edzenergia k\u00f6vet. K\u00edna fogyaszt\u00e1si sz\u00fcks\u00e9glegeinek 36,21%-\u00e1t fedezte nem hagyom\u00e1nyos energiaforr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l, 2462,53\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra villany\u00e1ramot termelve alternat\u00edv forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l 2020-ban. Ennek 55,03%-a sz\u00e1rmazik v\u00edzer\u0151m\u0171vekb\u0151l, ezt k\u00f6vetik a sz\u00e9l- \u00e9s atomer\u0151m\u0171vek.<\/p>\n\n

Az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gnak<\/strong> nem siker\u00fclt beker\u00fclnie az els\u0151 10 helyezett k\u00f6z\u00e9, a 25. helyen v\u00e9gzett, \u00edgy megel\u0151zte j\u00f3 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny eur\u00f3pai nemzet, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s nemzetk\u00f6zi szerepl\u0151, mint \u00daj-Z\u00e9land is, b\u00e1r j\u00f3 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny n\u00e1l\u00e1n\u00e1l jobban teljes\u00edt\u0151 orsz\u00e1gn\u00e1l magasabb fogyaszt\u00e1st gener\u00e1lt. 2020-ban az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g 295,05\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra villamos energi\u00e1t fogyasztott, \u00e9s 141,72-t \u00e1ll\u00edtott el\u0151 alternat\u00edv energiaforr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l, vagyis az elektromos \u00e1ram 48,03%-\u00e1t termelte meg meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiahordoz\u00f3kb\u00f3l. Ennek 53,5%-\u00e1t adta a fejl\u0151d\u0151 sz\u00e9lenergia-\u00e1gazat, amely a vil\u00e1g t\u00edz legnagyobb tengeri sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171parkj\u00e1b\u00f3l hetet tudhat mag\u00e1\u00e9nak, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a hamarosan megval\u00f3sul\u00f3 dogger-padi projekt keret\u00e9ben minden eddigin\u00e9l nagyobb sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171parkot \u00e9p\u00edtenek majd.<\/p>\n\n

Az EU nemr\u00e9giben egyeztetni kezdett egy, a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energi\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 jogszab\u00e1lyr\u00f3l, amely azt a k\u00f6telez\u0151 er\u0151vel b\u00edr\u00f3 c\u00e9lt t\u0171zn\u00e9 ki, hogy 2030-ra az EU teljes energiafogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1t tekintve a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energia ar\u00e1ny\u00e1t 42,5%-ra kell emelni. Ez az ar\u00e1ny az uni\u00f3s statisztik\u00e1k szerint jelenleg 22,1%. A jogszab\u00e1ly, annak is a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 hidrog\u00e9nre vonatkoz\u00f3 uni\u00f3s c\u00e9l\u00e9rt\u00e9kei kezdetben aggodalmat keltettek bizonyos orsz\u00e1gokban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Franciaorsz\u00e1gban, mert bizonytalan volt, hogy az atomenergi\u00e1val el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott karbonszeg\u00e9ny hidrog\u00e9n beker\u00fclhet-e a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 forr\u00e1sok k\u00f6r\u00e9be. Az\u00f3ta az energetikai \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e9rt felel\u0151s francia miniszter kinyilv\u00e1n\u00edtotta, hogy orsz\u00e1ga egyet\u00e9rt a meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sban szerepl\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokkal, mivel a meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s elismerte az atomenergia dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s c\u00e9lok el\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9ben bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt szerep\u00e9t. Jelenleg a meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s az Eur\u00f3pai Parlament j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00e1s\u00e1ra v\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n

Hogyan \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151 az elektromos \u00e1ramot a legnagyobb mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energi\u00e1t termel\u0151 orsz\u00e1gok?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Amint arra tanulm\u00e1nyunk is r\u00e1mutatott, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 orsz\u00e1gok k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fogyaszt\u00e1si sz\u00fcks\u00e9gletekkel rendelkeznek, \u00e9s elt\u00e9r\u0151 m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben k\u00e9pesek eleget tenni ezeknek a sz\u00fcks\u00e9gleteknek a felt\u00f6rekv\u0151 energiaforr\u00e1sok r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Elhelyezked\u00e9s\u00fckt\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151n elt\u00e9r\u00e9sek figyelhet\u0151k meg abban is, hogy milyen forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151 az energi\u00e1t, ezt szeml\u00e9lteti az al\u00e1bbi grafikon. G\u00f3rcs\u0151 al\u00e1 vett\u00fck azokat az orsz\u00e1gokat, amelyek termel\u00e9si egys\u00e9g (milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra) alapj\u00e1n a legt\u00f6bb energi\u00e1t termelik meg\u00fajul\u00f3 forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l, \u00e9s felm\u00e9rt\u00fck, hogy milyen m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben k\u00e9pesek eleget tenni fogyaszt\u00e1si sz\u00fcks\u00e9gleteiknek.<\/p>\n

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Jap\u00e1n<\/strong> meg\u00fajul\u00f3energia-termel\u00e9s\u00e9nek sz\u00e1rmazik a legnagyobb h\u00e1nyada napenergi\u00e1b\u00f3l, ugyanis az el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott villamos energia 35,37%-\u00e1t, vagyis 78,64\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1nyi mennyis\u00e9get \u00e1ll\u00edtanak el\u0151 napenergi\u00e1b\u00f3l. A termel\u00e9si egys\u00e9g szerinti rangsorban Jap\u00e1n a harmadik helyet foglalja el a 269,72\u00a0milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh-t termel\u0151 K\u00edna \u00e9s a 130,72\u00a0milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh-t el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok m\u00f6g\u00f6tt.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

V\u00edzenergia tekintet\u00e9ben Norv\u00e9gi\u00e1ban<\/strong> sz\u00e1rmazik ebb\u0151l az energiaforr\u00e1sb\u00f3l a legt\u00f6bb energia, az orsz\u00e1g termel\u00e9s\u00e9nek 93,44%-a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Alternat\u00edv energiaforr\u00e1sk\u00e9nt a legnagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben atomenergi\u00e1ra t\u00e1maszkod\u00f3 orsz\u00e1gok Ukrajna<\/strong> \u00e9s D\u00e9l-Korea<\/strong>, Ukrajna alternat\u00edv energiahordoz\u00f3inak 90,05%-a sz\u00e1rmazik ebb\u0151l a forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l (76,2\u00a0milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh), m\u00edg ez az ar\u00e1ny D\u00e9l-Korea eset\u00e9n 84,24% (152,33\u00a0kWh).<\/p>\n\n

A legkev\u00e9sb\u00e9 kihaszn\u00e1lt meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1s a geotermikus energia, adataink szerint T\u00f6r\u00f6korsz\u00e1g<\/strong> akn\u00e1zza ki a legnagyobb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben ezt az energiahordoz\u00f3t. 2020-ban az orsz\u00e1g teljes meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiatermel\u00e9s\u00e9nek 8,05%-a sz\u00e1rmazott ebb\u0151l a forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l, ami 9,93\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1nak felel meg.<\/p>\n\n

Mindek\u00f6zben a fenti orsz\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00fcl az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g<\/strong> \u00e1ll\u00edtott el\u0151 a legmagasabb ar\u00e1nyban energi\u00e1t sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171vekkel, a turbin\u00e1kb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 villamos energia ar\u00e1nya 53,5%, ugyanakkor ha a megtermelt egys\u00e9geket n\u00e9zz\u00fck, az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g a negyedik helyen v\u00e9gzett K\u00edna<\/strong>, az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok \u00e9s N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g m\u00f6g\u00f6tt. K\u00edna 471,18\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra villany\u00e1ramot \u00e1ll\u00edt el\u0151 sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171vekkel, m\u00edg az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g termel\u00e9se 75,61\u00a0milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh.<\/p>\n\n

Vil\u00e1gviszonylatban jelenleg a legjelent\u0151sebb meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1s a v\u00edzenergia, m\u00e1sodik legnagyobb ar\u00e1nyban pedig a sz\u00e9lenergi\u00e1t akn\u00e1zzuk ki. A legolcs\u00f3bb meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1s a napenergia, amelyet szorosan k\u00f6vet a sz\u00e9lenergia. Az \u00e9letk\u00e9pes \u00e9s k\u00f6lts\u00e9ghat\u00e9kony er\u0151forr\u00e1sok ir\u00e1nti ig\u00e9ny er\u0151s\u00f6d\u00e9se r\u00e1mutatott a sz\u00e9lben, mint meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sban rejl\u0151 \u00f3ri\u00e1si lehet\u0151s\u00e9gekre, ez\u00e9rt megvizsg\u00e1ltuk azokat a ter\u00fcleteket, amelyek a legnagyobb fejl\u0151d\u00e9st mutatj\u00e1k a sz\u00e9l hasznos\u00edt\u00e1sa ter\u00e9n.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n

Sz\u00e9lenergia ter\u00e9n a legnagyobb n\u00f6veked\u00e9s K\u00edn\u00e1ban <\/strong> tapasztalhat\u00f3, ahol 426,56\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3ra energi\u00e1t \u00e1ll\u00edtanak el\u0151 sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171vek seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel. Ez l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben K\u00edna agressz\u00edv dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9seinek \u00e9s a gyors \u00fctemben fejl\u0151d\u0151 tengerisz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171-\u00e1gazatnak tulajdon\u00edthat\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00e1sodik helyen v\u00e9gzett az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok<\/strong>, amely a maga 243,29\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1j\u00e1val egy kicsivel t\u00falhaladta K\u00edna 2020. \u00e9vi termel\u00e9s\u00e9nek fel\u00e9t. A harmadik hely N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1got<\/strong> illeti, amely a 2020. \u00e9vi 92,42\u00a0milli\u00e1rd kilowatt\u00f3r\u00e1j\u00e1val kevesebb mint fel\u00e9t \u00e9rte el az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok termel\u00e9s\u00e9nek.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sok szerint a j\u00f6v\u0151ben a sz\u00e9lenergia-\u00e1gazat tov\u00e1bbi gyors fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u00fcnk tan\u00fai, a nemzetk\u00f6zi kereskedelmi sz\u00f6vets\u00e9g el\u0151rejelz\u00e9se szerint 2027-ig 680\u00a0gigawattnyi \u00faj sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi \u00e9s tengeri sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171-kapacit\u00e1st fognak ki\u00e9p\u00edteni, ami \u00e9ves szinten elegend\u0151 energi\u00e1t termel majd 657\u00a0milli\u00f3 h\u00e1ztart\u00e1s ell\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e1r ez a fejl\u0151d\u00e9si \u00fctem \u00edg\u00e9retesnek t\u0171nik, t\u00f6bb korl\u00e1tja is van a tov\u00e1bbi fejl\u0151d\u00e9snek. McKinsey<\/a> p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kiemelte, hogy ugyan N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g l\u00e1zasan igyekszik azonos\u00edtani az \u00faj sz\u00e9lfarmok telep\u00edt\u00e9sre alkalmas helysz\u00edneket, \u00e9s b\u00e1r az orsz\u00e1g ter\u00fclet\u00e9nek 51\u00a0sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka elviekben alkalmas lenne sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi sz\u00e9ler\u0151m\u0171vek ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, a szab\u00e1lyoz\u00f3i, k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi \u00e9s m\u0171szaki korl\u00e1tok miatt ez az ar\u00e1ny gyakorlatilag 9\u00a0sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kra cs\u00f6kken.<\/p>\n\n

Mindezek ellen\u00e9re az alternat\u00edv energia t\u00e9rnyer\u00e9se gyors \u00fctemben<\/em> folytat\u00f3dik. A Nemzetk\u00f6zi Meg\u00fajul\u00f3energia-\u00fcgyn\u00f6ks\u00e9g (IRENA) becsl\u00e9se szerint 2050-re a vil\u00e1g villamosenergia-termel\u00e9s\u00e9nek ak\u00e1r 90%-a is sz\u00e1rmazhat meg\u00fajul\u00f3 forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l, \u00e9s mivel Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9s a vil\u00e1g t\u00f6bbi r\u00e9sz\u00e9n egyre szigor\u00fabb dekarboniz\u00e1ci\u00f3s strat\u00e9gi\u00e1t alkalmaznak a korm\u00e1nyok, a szak\u00e9rt\u0151k kedvez\u0151nek \u00edt\u00e9lik a sz\u00e9lenergia-\u00e1gazathoz hasonl\u00f3 ter\u00fcleteken tapasztalt el\u0151rehalad\u00e1st. Az el\u0151ny\u00f6k nem korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dnak a glob\u00e1lis felmeleged\u00e9s cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re, k\u00f6zvetlen kihat\u00e1st gyakorolnak a l\u00e9gszennyezetts\u00e9gre \u00e9s bolyg\u00f3nk n\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gi \u00e1llapot\u00e1ra, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul megt\u00f6rik azt a monopolhelyzetet, amelyet a fosszilis t\u00fczel\u0151anyagok export\u00e1l\u00f3i gyakorolnak F\u00f6ld\u00fcnk t\u00f6bb mint 6\u00a0milli\u00e1rd lak\u00f3ja felett, akik f\u00fcggenek t\u0151l\u00fck. Az ENSZ<\/a> szerint a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok kiutat k\u00edn\u00e1lnak e f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9g al\u00f3l, amely bizonyos orsz\u00e1gokat \u00e9s embercsoportokat v\u00e9dtelenn\u00e9 tesz a geopolitikai fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gekkel \u00e9s v\u00e1ls\u00e1gokkal szemben, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi az orsz\u00e1gok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra gazdas\u00e1guk diverzifik\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, gazdas\u00e1gi n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00fck fellend\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00faj munkahelyek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n

\u2014——————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n\n

M\u00f3dszertan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A theglobaleconomy.com adatai alapj\u00e1n meg\u00e1llap\u00edtottuk, hogy mely orsz\u00e1gokban a legmagasabb az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos termel\u00e9si ar\u00e1ny, milyen energiaforr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik a megtermelt energiamennyis\u00e9g (sz\u00e9l-, atom-, illetve v\u00edzenergia), \u00e9s milyen v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok tapasztalhat\u00f3k a 2010\u201320 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00e9vtizedben.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Ezut\u00e1n kisz\u00e1m\u00edtottuk az orsz\u00e1gok villamosenergia-fogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1t milli\u00e1rd\u00a0kWh-ban, majd ezt \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtottuk az adott id\u0151szakban termelt teljes meg\u00fajul\u00f3energia-mennyis\u00e9ggel, hogy meghat\u00e1rozzuk, milyen m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben mozdul el az adott orsz\u00e1g a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 \u00e9s alternat\u00edv energiaforr\u00e1sok fel\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ahogy az olajhoz \u00e9s g\u00e1zhoz hasonl\u00f3 hagyom\u00e1nyos energiak\u00e9szletek egyre ink\u00e1bb apadoznak, a vil\u00e1g korm\u00e1nyai pedig egyre ink\u00e1bb r\u00e1\u00e9brednek…\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":54818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[887,1710],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-56701","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energia-es-teljesitmeny","8":"category-fenntarthatosag","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nAz alternat\u00edv energia kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1sa Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9s a kontinensen t\u00fal - 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