{"id":57853,"date":"2023-09-05T09:11:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T08:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/?p=57853"},"modified":"2023-09-05T09:11:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T08:11:45","slug":"a-napelemek-kepesek-lesznek-jobban-begyujteni-a-napfenyt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/hu\/energia-es-teljesitmeny\/a-napelemek-kepesek-lesznek-jobban-begyujteni-a-napfenyt\/","title":{"rendered":"A napelemek k\u00e9pesek lesznek jobban begy\u0171jteni a napf\u00e9nyt?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a vil\u00e1g a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 elmozdul\u00e1snak volt tan\u00faja, mik\u00f6zben a napenergia a tiszta energia forradalm\u00e1nak \u00e9lharcos\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nap b\u0151s\u00e9ges energi\u00e1j\u00e1t hasznos\u00edt\u00f3 napelemek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1suk \u00f3ta jelent\u0151s fejl\u0151d\u00e9sen mentek kereszt\u00fcl, \u00e9s az \u00e9ves fotovoltaikus kapacit\u00e1s b\u0151v\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre n\u0151<\/a>, a tervek szerint 2026-ra meghaladj\u00e1k a f\u00f6ldg\u00e1z\u00e9t, 2027-re pedig a sz\u00e9n\u00e9t. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s azonban az, hogy a napelemek k\u00e9pesek lesznek-e jobban begy\u0171jteni a napf\u00e9nyt, mivel jelenleg a szil\u00edcium alap\u00fa napelemek hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga a hasznos energi\u00e1v\u00e1 alak\u00edtott napenergia 15-20%-a<\/a> k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ebben a cikkben a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a napelem-technol\u00f3gia vil\u00e1g\u00e1ban m\u00e9lyed\u00fcnk el, \u00e9s felt\u00e1rjuk a napf\u00e9ny begy\u0171jt\u00e9si hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1t lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9v\u0151 izgalmas lehet\u0151s\u00e9geket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napenergia \u00e9s egy\u00e9b meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A napenergia a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energia legb\u0151s\u00e9gesebb \u00e9s legel\u00e9rhet\u0151bb forr\u00e1sa. A Nemzetk\u00f6zi Energia\u00fcgyn\u00f6ks\u00e9g (IEA)<\/a> adatai szerint 2022-ben csaknem 1 300 TWh napenergi\u00e1t termeltek, ami rekordszint\u0171, 270 TWh-s (26%-os) n\u00f6veked\u00e9s. 2022-ben a napenergia a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n el\u0151sz\u00f6r haladta meg a sz\u00e9lenergia-termel\u00e9st, \u00e9s a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00fcl a legmagasabb abszol\u00fat termel\u00e9sn\u00f6veked\u00e9st mutatta. Ez a termel\u00e9sn\u00f6veked\u00e9si \u00fctem \u00f6sszhangban van azzal, amit a 2050-ig nett\u00f3 z\u00e9r\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv<\/a> a 2023 \u00e9s 2030 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00e9vekre prognosztiz\u00e1l. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Forr\u00e1s: IEA 2022; Share of cumulative power capacity by technology, 2010-2027, (A kumul\u00e1lt energiakapacit\u00e1s h\u00e1nyada technol\u00f3gia szerint, 2010-2027), https:\/\/www.iea.org\/data-and-statistics\/charts\/share-of-cumulative-power-capacity-by-technology-2010-2027, Licenc: CC BY 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A napelemek hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak jelenlegi \u00e1llapota<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A napelemek, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven fotovoltaikus (PV) panelek, jelent\u0151s el\u0151rel\u00e9p\u00e9seket tettek a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g ter\u00e9n az elm\u00falt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vtizedben. A hagyom\u00e1nyos szil\u00edcium alap\u00fa napelemek el\u00e9rt\u00e9k a kereskedelmi \u00e9letk\u00e9pess\u00e9g szintj\u00e9t, \u00e9s m\u00e1r sz\u00e1mos rendszer tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a h\u00e1ztet\u0151k\u00f6n \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1jakon szerte a vil\u00e1gon. Ezeknek a paneleknek a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ga, amint azt a bevezet\u0151ben eml\u00edtett\u00fck, a napf\u00e9nyt elektromos \u00e1ramm\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00fckkel m\u00e9rve, jellemz\u0151en 15% \u00e9s 20% k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1r ezek a sz\u00e1mok leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151ek, a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9re ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 t\u00f6rekv\u00e9s tov\u00e1bbra is folyamatban van. A kutat\u00f3k \u00e9s m\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k folyamatosan olyan innovat\u00edv technik\u00e1kat kutatnak fel, amelyekkel a napelemeket m\u00e9g hat\u00e9konyabb\u00e1, megfizethet\u0151bb\u00e9 \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezetbar\u00e1tabb\u00e1 tehetik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forradalmi napelemes technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00faj kialak\u00edt\u00e1sok \u00e9s r\u00e9tegek nagyobb hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got \u00e9s t\u00f6bb energia betakar\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t teszik lehet\u0151v\u00e9. M\u00edg a szil\u00edciumb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt napelemek<\/a> a napf\u00e9nynek csak egy sz\u0171k frekvencias\u00e1vj\u00e1t alak\u00edtj\u00e1k \u00e1t, addig az \u00fajabb anyagok haszn\u00e1lata jobb f\u00e9nyelnyel\u00e9st tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perovszkit napelemek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A perovszkit, egy tit\u00e1n- \u00e9s kalciumkrist\u00e1ly, hat\u00e9konyabban nyeli el az infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s spektrumhoz k\u00f6zelebb es\u0151 f\u00e9nyt. Ezek a k\u00f6nny\u0171 \u00e9s rugalmas cell\u00e1k alacsony k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u0171 elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokkal gy\u00e1rthat\u00f3k, \u00edgy vonz\u00f3 lehet\u0151s\u00e9g a j\u00f6v\u0151beni napelem-kialak\u00edt\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A perovszkit napelemek nagyobb hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got k\u00e9pesek produk\u00e1lni, mint a szil\u00edcium alap\u00fa napelemek. A kutat\u00f3k folyamatosan finom\u00edtj\u00e1k a perovszkit k\u00e9sz\u00edtm\u00e9nyeket a stabilit\u00e1s \u00e9s a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny fokoz\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, amely lehet\u0151s\u00e9g szerint a jelenlegi szabv\u00e1nyok f\u00f6l\u00e9 emeli a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1gi szintet. Ennek bizony\u00edt\u00e9ka Sv\u00e1jc, ahol a Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Sv\u00e1jci Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi Technol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet, EPFL) \u00e9s a Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnology (Sv\u00e1jci Elektronikai \u00e9s Mikrotechnol\u00f3giai K\u00f6zpont, CSEM) kutat\u00f3i el\u0151sz\u00f6r l\u00e9pt\u00e9k t\u00fal a perovszkit-szil\u00edcium tandem napelemek 30%-os hat\u00e9konys\u00e1gi k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9t<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Ezek a nagy hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got mutat\u00f3 eredm\u00e9nyek most tov\u00e1bbi kutat\u00e1st \u00e9s fejleszt\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyelnek, hogy nagyobb fel\u00fcletekre is kiterjessz\u00e9k \u0151ket, \u00e9s biztos\u00edts\u00e1k, hogy ezek az \u00faj cell\u00e1k a h\u00e1ztet\u0151inken \u00e9s m\u00e1s helyeken is stabil teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt tudjanak fenntartani egy norm\u00e1l \u00e9lettartam alatt.<\/em><\/p>\n– Quentin Jeangros a CSEM-t\u0151l<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tudjon meg t\u00f6bbet a perovszkit napelemekr\u0151l az 5 legjobb innovat\u00edv napelemes technol\u00f3gi\u00e1r\u00f3l<\/a> sz\u00f3l\u00f3 cikk\u00fcnkben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tandem napelemek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A napelem-hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g n\u00f6vel\u00e9s\u00e9nek egyik \u00edg\u00e9retes m\u00f3dja a tandem napelemek fejleszt\u00e9se. Ezek a cell\u00e1k k\u00e9t vagy t\u00f6bb r\u00e9tegnyi k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 anyagb\u00f3l \u00e1llnak, hogy a napf\u00e9ny sz\u00e9lesebb spektrum\u00e1t gy\u0171jts\u00e9k be. Tartalmazhatja a jelenleg el\u00e9rhet\u0151 napelemek kever\u00e9k\u00e9t, amelyek perovszkitokb\u00f3l, Si-b\u0151l, GaAs-b\u00f3l, CIGS-b\u0151l stb. k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban a Helmholtz Centre Berlin (HZB) \u00e9s a Hamelinben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 Napenergia Kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zet (ISFH) csapatai bemutatt\u00e1k a PERC (passziv\u00e1lt emitter \u00e9s h\u00e1ts\u00f3 \u00e9rintkez\u00e9s) fotovoltaikus cell\u00e1kat, amelyek a piacon a leghat\u00e9konyabbnak sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak 23%-os maxim\u00e1lis hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ggal<\/a>. A n\u00e9met tud\u00f3sok azonban biztosak abban, hogy az \u00faj tandem PERC\/POLO cell\u00e1k 29,5%-ot \u00e9rhetnek el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eur\u00f3p\u00e1n k\u00edv\u00fcl a sza\u00fad-ar\u00e1biai kutat\u00f3k egy \u00faj t\u00edpus\u00fa napelemet fejlesztettek ki, amely soha nem l\u00e1tott, 33,7%-os ar\u00e1ny\u00e1val<\/a> megd\u00f6nt\u00f6tte a legnagyobb hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g rekordj\u00e1t. Ez egy tandem napelem, amely szil\u00edcium \u00e9s perovszkit kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1n alapul. M\u00edg a szil\u00edciumr\u00e9teg a legt\u00f6bb infrav\u00f6r\u00f6s f\u00e9nyt elnyeli \u00e9s elektromoss\u00e1gg\u00e1 alak\u00edtja, a perovszkit r\u00e9teg elnyeli a l\u00e1that\u00f3 f\u00e9nyt, \u00edgy hat\u00e9konyabb, mint a hagyom\u00e1nyos cell\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201eRem\u00e9lj\u00fck, hogy \u00faj eredm\u00e9nyeink hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak a z\u00f6ld energi\u00e1ra val\u00f3 \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s felgyors\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n– Erkan Aydin, a King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (King Abdullah Tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9s Technol\u00f3giai Egyetem, KAUST) kutat\u00f3ja<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e9toldalas napelemek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e9toldalas napelem n\u00e9ven ismertek azok a fotovoltaikus napelemek, amelyek mindk\u00e9t fel\u00fclet\u00fck\u00f6n \u00e1ramot termelnek. M\u00e1s sz\u00f3val, a k\u00e9toldalas napelemek k\u00e9pesek mindk\u00e9t oldalr\u00f3l begy\u0171jteni a napf\u00e9nyt, hat\u00e9konyan kihaszn\u00e1lva a fel\u00fcletekr\u0151l, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a h\u00e1ztet\u0151kr\u0151l vagy a talajr\u00f3l visszaver\u0151d\u0151 napf\u00e9nyt (megjegyz\u00e9s: a talajszintre szerelve m\u0171k\u00f6dnek a legjobban). Egyes k\u00e9toldalas panelek ak\u00e1r 30%-kal is k\u00e9pesek n\u00f6velni az energiatermel\u00e9st<\/a>. A pontos mennyis\u00e9g a k\u00f6rnyezett\u0151l f\u00fcgg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kvantumpontos napelemek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A tud\u00f3sok a nanotechnol\u00f3gia birodalm\u00e1ban kutakodnak a f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 nanoszerkezetek napenergi\u00e1hoz val\u00f3 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val, \u00e9s rendk\u00edv\u00fcl hat\u00e9kony, bonyolult nanostrukt\u00far\u00e1kkal \u00e9s kvantumpontokkal rendelkez\u0151 napelemeket hoznak l\u00e9tre. A kvantumpontos napelem olyan napelem, amely kvantumpontokat haszn\u00e1l a fotovoltaikus anyag elnyel\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Meg\u00fajul\u00f3 Energi\u00e1k Nemzeti Laborat\u00f3rium<\/a> szerint a kvantumpontokban megvan a lehet\u0151s\u00e9g arra, hogy dr\u00e1mai m\u00f3don n\u00f6velj\u00e9k (egyes eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kben ak\u00e1r meg is dupl\u00e1zz\u00e1k) a napf\u00e9ny energi\u00e1v\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t. Ezek a strukt\u00far\u00e1k k\u00e9pesek manipul\u00e1lni a f\u00e9nyt nanom\u00e9retben, ami jobb elnyel\u00e9st \u00e9s nagyobb energia\u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1si hat\u00e9konys\u00e1got tesz lehet\u0151v\u00e9. Az ezen a ter\u00fcleten v\u00e9gzett kutat\u00e1sok el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val olyan napelemek tan\u00fai lehet\u00fcnk, amelyek minden eddigin\u00e9l hat\u00e9konyabban k\u00e9pesek hasznos\u00edtani a napf\u00e9nyt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6sszefoglal\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00faj fejlett technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kkal \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpus\u00fa napelemekkel a napenergia \u00e9s a napelemek egyre n\u00e9pszer\u0171bb\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak. Az \u00faj napelemek fejleszt\u00e9se nemcsak a napf\u00e9ny begy\u0171jt\u00e9s\u00e9nek hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t jav\u00edtja, hanem az energiaipart is \u00e1talak\u00edtja. Ahogyan a vil\u00e1g folytatja a tiszta energiaforr\u00e1sok ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t, a napelemek fejl\u0151d\u00e9se a fenntarthat\u00f3 \u00e9s energi\u00e1ban b\u0151s\u00e9ges j\u00f6v\u0151 fel\u00e9 val\u00f3 \u00e1tmenet r\u00e9sze lesz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Ismerje meg a napenergia-term\u00e9keket!<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben a vil\u00e1g a meg\u00fajul\u00f3 energiaforr\u00e1sok ir\u00e1ny\u00e1ba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 figyelemre m\u00e9lt\u00f3 elmozdul\u00e1snak volt tan\u00faja, mik\u00f6zben a napenergia…\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":58062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[887,889],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-57853","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energia-es-teljesitmeny","8":"category-karbantartas-javitas-es-uzemeltetes","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nA napelemek k\u00e9pesek lesznek jobban begy\u0171jteni a napf\u00e9nyt?\u00a0 - 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