{"id":77254,"date":"2024-10-01T12:38:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T11:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/okategoriserad\/forsta-termisk-aldrande-i-gjutna-effektdrosslar\/"},"modified":"2024-10-01T12:56:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T11:56:35","slug":"forsta-termisk-aldrande-i-gjutna-effektdrosslar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/knowhow.distrelec.com\/sv\/sm-sv\/forsta-termisk-aldrande-i-gjutna-effektdrosslar\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00f6rst\u00e5 termisk \u00e5ldrande i gjutna effektdrosslar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Termiskt \u00e5ldrande i komponenter som effektdrosslar har blivit ett stort problem, eftersom elektroniken blir allt mindre<\/a> och mer effektkr\u00e4vande. Prestanda och livsl\u00e4ngd f\u00f6r drosslar som anv\u00e4nds i krafttill\u00e4mpningar, som t.ex. DC-DC-omvandlare och fordonssystem, p\u00e5verkas av detta fenomen, som orsakas av l\u00e5ngvarig exponering f\u00f6r h\u00f6ga temperaturer.<\/p>\n\n

F\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa termisk \u00e5ldrande har W\u00fcrth Elektronik<\/a> utvecklat h\u00f6gtemperaturdrosslar med f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad drifts\u00e4kerhet och prestanda. Ta reda p\u00e5 mer om W\u00fcrth Elektronik-drosslarnas funktioner och hur de kan anv\u00e4ndas i olika till\u00e4mpningar genom att l\u00e4sa den h\u00e4r artikeln.<\/p>\n\n

Vad orsakar termiskt \u00e5ldrande?<\/h2>\n\n

Termen \u201dtermisk \u00e5ldrande\u201d beskriver hur v\u00e4rme gradvis eroderar det magnetiska k\u00e4rnmaterialet i effektdrosslarna. H\u00f6gtemperaturmaterial, som t.ex. j\u00e4rnlegeringar som anv\u00e4nds i k\u00e4rnan, f\u00f6rlorar sina magnetiska egenskaper n\u00e4r de uts\u00e4tts f\u00f6r temperaturer \u00f6ver 100 \u00b0C. Detta f\u00f6rv\u00e4rrar degenereringen genom att h\u00f6ja de interna temperaturerna, minska effektiviteten och \u00f6ka k\u00e4rnf\u00f6rlusterna. P\u00e5 grund av deras frekventa exponering f\u00f6r v\u00e4rmecykling, uts\u00e4tts h\u00f6gstr\u00f6msdrosslar f\u00f6r en s\u00e4rskilt m\u00e4rkbar \u00e5ldringseffekt.<\/p>\n\n

Mekanism f\u00f6r termisk \u00e5ldrande<\/h2>\n\n

Den st\u00f6rsta delen av termisk \u00e5ldrande i effektdrosslar sker i k\u00e4rnan. K\u00e4rnan i gjutna effektdrosslar \u00e4r sammansatt av j\u00e4rnlegering eller annat kompakterat magnetiskt material (l\u00e4s nedan). K\u00e4rnans egenskaper f\u00f6rs\u00e4mras vid upprepad exponering f\u00f6r v\u00e4rme. Drosselns f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att hantera h\u00f6ga str\u00f6mmar kan f\u00f6rs\u00e4mras med \u00e5ldern, s\u00e4rskilt i milj\u00f6er med h\u00f6ga belastningar. Drosseln kan uts\u00e4ttas f\u00f6r \u00f6kande v\u00e4rmealstring och minskade prestanda \u00f6ver tiden. System som DC-DC-omvandlare kan bli mindre effektiva till f\u00f6ljd av denna f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring, vilket kan leda till fel.<\/p>\n\n

Magnetiska material f\u00f6r effektdrosslar<\/h3>\n\n

Olika magnetiska material \u00e4r m\u00f6jliga f\u00f6r tillverkning av drosslar, inklusive traditionella ferriter (Mn-Zn, Ni-Zn, Ni-Cu-Zn), mjuka magnetiska metaller (Si-Fe, amorft, nanokristallint material) och pulverformiga metallegeringar (Fe-Si, Fe-Ni, Fe-Co). Medan k\u00e4rnor av metallegeringspulver har h\u00f6g permeabilitet, har deras isolerade kornstruktur icke-magnetiska spalter som minskar den effektiva permeabiliteten (\u03bce) till under 200. Ferriter och mjuka magnetiska metaller, som har h\u00f6g permeabilitet (>1000), kr\u00e4ver spalter, men detta lutar hystereskurvan och \u00f6kar str\u00f6mmen som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att n\u00e5 m\u00e4ttnad.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Typiska mikrostrukturer av mjukmagnetiskt material av metall\/legering och schematiska virvelstr\u00f6msbanor och SMC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Pulveriserade magnetiska legeringar erbjuder tv\u00e5 till tre g\u00e5nger h\u00f6gre m\u00e4ttnadsfl\u00f6dest\u00e4thet j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med keramiska material, vilket g\u00f6r dem l\u00e4mpliga f\u00f6r olika applikationer. Dessa legeringar \u00e4r belagda med ett isolerande skikt och bundna med en polymer f\u00f6r att bilda mjuka magnetiska kompositer (SMC). Denna struktur minimerar virvelstr\u00f6msf\u00f6rluster och ger ett j\u00e4mnt f\u00f6rdelad spalt l\u00e4ngs den magnetiska banan, vilket g\u00f6r SMC-k\u00e4rnor idealiska f\u00f6r h\u00f6gstr\u00f6ms- och h\u00f6gfrekvent drift.<\/p>\n\n

I SMC-enheter reduceras virvelstr\u00f6mmar p\u00e5 grund av isoleringen mellan partiklar, vilket f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar prestandan i h\u00f6gfrekventa till\u00e4mpningar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med ferriter och ledande mjuka metaller. SMC-enheter uppvisar ocks\u00e5 b\u00e4ttre DC-biashantering och temperaturstabilitet, vilket g\u00f6r dem utm\u00e4rkta f\u00f6r till\u00e4mpningar med h\u00f6g str\u00f6m och effektt\u00e4thet. L\u00e5ngsiktig temperaturstabilitet kan dock \u00e4ventyras n\u00e4r den uts\u00e4tts f\u00f6r h\u00f6ga temperaturer under l\u00e5nga perioder vid drift med h\u00f6ga frekvenser.<\/p>\n\n

Termiskt \u00e5ldrande i gjutna effektdrosslar<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e5ngvarig exponering f\u00f6r h\u00f6ga temperaturer g\u00f6r att gjutna effektdrosslar \u00e5ldras termiskt, vilket successivt minskar deras funktion. Effektdrosslar anv\u00e4nds ofta i h\u00f6gstr\u00f6mstill\u00e4mpningar och p\u00e5litlig drift kr\u00e4ver en f\u00f6rst\u00e5else av det terminska \u00e5ldrandet.<\/p>\n\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xskl2VVUvSY <\/div><\/figure>\n\n

Termisk \u00e5ldringseffekt i gjutna materialblandningar<\/p>\n\n

Enligt W\u00fcrth Elektroniks data<\/a>\u00e4r h\u00f6gre effektf\u00f6rluster, \u00f6kad sj\u00e4lvuppv\u00e4rmning, \u00f6kad elektromagnetisk emission (EMI) och en f\u00f6rs\u00e4krad kvalitetsfaktorn Q vid h\u00f6ga frekvenser n\u00e5gra tecken p\u00e5 termisk \u00e5ldrande. En observerbar h\u00e4ndelse som kan vara kopplad till f\u00f6rs\u00e4mrade prestanda \u00e4r ett f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat utseendet p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnmaterialet. K\u00e4rnmaterialet, exponeringstiden och k\u00e4rntemperaturen har alla en direkt inverkan p\u00e5 omfattningen av dessa f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Olika gjutna effektdrosslar har testats vid 200 \u00b0C i 1000 timmar f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 b\u00e4ttre kunskap om den f\u00f6rsta effekten av termiskt \u00e5ldrande. Nedanst\u00e5ende bilder illustrerar hur materialets utseende generellt p\u00e5verkas av stigande temperaturer.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
AEC-Q200-klassade 0 (-55 \u00b0C till +150 \u00b0C) godk\u00e4nda gjutna effektdrosslar med samma referens och partinummer visas i v\u00e4nster kolumn f\u00f6re och h\u00f6ger kolumn efter testning vid 200 \u00b0C i 1000 timmar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

J\u00e4rnpulvrets bindemedel och isolerande skikt bryts ner under l\u00e5nga tidsperioder vid h\u00f6ga temperaturer, vilket s\u00e4nker materialets resistivitet. AEC-Q200-godk\u00e4nda gjutna effektdrosslar finns tillg\u00e4ngliga fr\u00e5n vissa tillverkare; \u00e4nd\u00e5 skiljer sig en godk\u00e4nd drossen med och utan ett robust termiskt \u00e5ldringsskydd i h\u00f6g grad. Som framg\u00e5r av bilden nedan blir detta tydligare vid en n\u00e4rmare granskning av de testade komponenterna.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Efter testning med ett mikroskop med en f\u00f6rstoring p\u00e5 1000X, kan vissa f\u00f6rkolnade omr\u00e5den ses i den f\u00f6rsta raden. Skapandet av sekund\u00e4ra skikt som inneh\u00e5ller f\u00f6rbr\u00e4nda element, vilket tyder p\u00e5 en allvarlig f\u00f6rlust av bindemedelstjocklek och nedbrytning, visas i den andra raden av fotografier fr\u00e5n svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Den missf\u00e4rgningseffekt som ses i den f\u00f6rsta bilden beror p\u00e5 att bel\u00e4ggningsmaterialet sammanfogas och att komponenternas isolering mellan partiklarna br\u00e4nns. Det isolerande lagret p\u00e5 partikelytan och de sm\u00e5 luftspalterna i SMC-materialet reduceras vid h\u00f6gre temperaturer, eftersom komponenterna verkar sl\u00e4ppa in i pulverpartiklarna fr\u00e5n gr\u00e4nsen.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e5da illustrationerna visar effekterna av f\u00f6rh\u00f6jda temperaturer p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnmaterialet, trots att drosseln \u00e4r godk\u00e4nd f\u00f6r AEC-Q200 klass 0 (-55 \u00b0C till +150 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n\n

Hur termiskt \u00e5ldrande p\u00e5verkar systemets prestanda<\/h2>\n\n

Termisk \u00e5ldrande kan ha betydande konsekvenser f\u00f6r system som f\u00f6rlitar sig p\u00e5 enhetlig str\u00f6mf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning, som t.ex. fordons-, industri- och telekomsektorerna. Drosslarnas f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att motst\u00e5 transienter och toppstr\u00f6mmar minskar med \u00e5ldern. Om detta inte kontrolleras, kan det leda till problem med sp\u00e4nningsreglering, ineffektivitet i str\u00f6momvandlare eller till och med totalt systemfel.<\/p>\n\n

W\u00fcrth Elektroniks studiefall: test av en effektdrossel<\/h3>\n\n

W\u00fcrth Elektronik testade sina nya WE-LHMI<\/a> gjutna effektdrosslar, klassade f\u00f6r 10 \u00b5H, mot popul\u00e4ra konkurrentprodukter med liknande storlek och induktans. Totalt 100 prover utsattes f\u00f6r 200 \u00b0C i en klimatkammare under 1000 timmar, med periodiska m\u00e4tningar av L- och Q-v\u00e4rden. Drosslarna uppfyller AECQ klass 0- och klas 1-kvalifikationer, med en maximal driftstemperatur \u00f6ver 150 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n

Som visas i diagrammet nedan f\u00f6rblev 10 \u00b5H induktansen inom en \u00b120 % tolerans vid 100 kHz under hela testet, vilket indikerar att standarddatabladsm\u00e4tningar kanske inte visar prestandaf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

F\u00f6ljande bild indikerar dock att kvalitetsfaktorn Q minskar med l\u00e5ngvariga h\u00f6ga temperaturer, \u00e4ven f\u00f6r drosslar med utm\u00e4rkt AEC-Q200-klassificering, trots stabila induktansv\u00e4rden.
<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Gjutna WE-LHMI-effektdrosslar uppvisar stabilitet \u00f6ver tid, i motsats till vissa konkurrerande drosslar som uppvisar en konstant minskning av Q-v\u00e4rdet. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n konkurrenter, som f\u00e5r stigande driftstemperaturer, garanterar denna stabilitet f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad effektivitet och l\u00e5ngsiktig tillf\u00f6rlitlighet i h\u00f6gtemperaturapplikationer.<\/p>\n\n

Q-v\u00e4rden och L-m\u00e4tningar \u00e4r n\u00e4stan i linje vid l\u00e5ga frekvenser, men det finns m\u00e4rkbara prestandaf\u00f6rs\u00e4mringar \u00f6ver 100 kHz.<\/p>\n\n

Hur kan man mildra termisk \u00e5ldrande i effektdrosslar?<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Materialval<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Ett av de mest effektiva s\u00e4tten att minska termiskt \u00e5ldrande \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda h\u00f6gpresterande k\u00e4rnmaterial. Till exempel kan material med h\u00f6gre Curie-temperaturer, som t.ex. f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrade j\u00e4rnlegeringar, beh\u00e5lla sina magnetiska egenskaper under l\u00e4ngre perioder under v\u00e4rmebelastning.
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. H\u00f6gtemperaturbest\u00e4ndiga drosslar
    <\/strong>Avancerade drosslar, som W\u00fcrth Elektroniks     WE-MAPI-<\/a> och WE-LHMI-<\/a>-serierna, \u00e4r konstruerade f\u00f6r att t\u00e5la kontinuerlig drift vid temperaturer upp till 150 \u00b0C. Dessa komponenter, som \u00e4r godk\u00e4nda enligt AEC-Q200-standarderna, visar h\u00f6g motst\u00e5ndskraft mot termiskt \u00e5ldrande. Efter 1000 timmars testning vid 200 \u00b0C uppvisar dessa drosslar en minimal prestandaf\u00f6rs\u00e4mring.
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Termisk design<\/strong>
    <\/strong>Korrekt v\u00e4rmehantering i konstruktionsfasen kan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6rl\u00e4nga livsl\u00e4ngden f\u00f6r drosslar. Effektiv kylfl\u00e4ns, luftfl\u00f6desoptimering och kretsplacering spelar en roll f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rhindra att komponenter \u00f6verhettas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    V\u00e4lj l\u00e5ngsiktig drifts\u00e4kerhet med W\u00fcrth Elektronik<\/h2>\n\n

    Moderna konstruktioner l\u00e4gger stor vikt vid att v\u00e4lja komponenter med bevisad termisk \u00e5ldringsbest\u00e4ndighet, eftersom den termiska stabiliteten \u00e4r s\u00e5 viktig. Konstrukt\u00f6rer kan garantera l\u00e5ngsiktig drifts\u00e4kerhet, l\u00e4gre underh\u00e5llskostnader och f\u00f6rhindra oplanerade systemavbrott genom att anv\u00e4nda drosslar med h\u00f6g temperaturklassificering.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

    W\u00fcrth Elektronik \u00e4r en av f\u00e5 leverant\u00f6rer som erbjuder drosslar med h\u00f6gtemperaturklassificering. Deras serie \u00e4r utformad f\u00f6r att uppfylla de h\u00f6gsta kraven inom industri-, fordons- och krafttill\u00e4mpningar och \u00e4r f\u00f6rberedda att motst\u00e5 p\u00e5frestningarna fr\u00e5n termiskt \u00e5ldrande.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
    Uppt\u00e4ck W\u00fcrth Elektronik drosslar<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

    F\u00f6r mer information, kolla in W\u00fcrth Elektroniks omfattande material om termiskt \u00e5ldrande h\u00e4r.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Termiskt \u00e5ldrande i komponenter som effektdrosslar har blivit ett stort problem, eftersom elektroniken blir allt mindre och mer…\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":77135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[240,1722],"tags":[],"coauthors":[1738],"class_list":{"0":"post-77254","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-elektronik-sv","8":"category-sm-sv","9":"cs-entry","10":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nF\u00f6rst\u00e5 termisk \u00e5ldrande i gjutna effektdrosslar - 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